ABSTRACT
Serological diagnostic tests for canine and human leishmaniasis present problems related with their sensitivity and/or specificity. Recently, an immunoproteomic approach performed with Leishmania infantum proteins identified new parasite antigens. In the present study, the diagnostic properties of two of these proteins, cytochrome c oxidase and IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor, were evaluated for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral (CVL) and human tegumentary (HTL) leishmaniasis. For the CVL diagnosis, sera samples from non-infected dogs living in an endemic or non-endemic area of leishmaniasis, sera from asymptomatic or symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) dogs, from Leish-Tec(®)-vaccinated dogs, and sera from animals experimentally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi or Ehrlichia canis were used. For the HTL diagnosis, sera from non-infected subjects living in an endemic area of leishmaniasis, sera from active cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis patients, as well as those from T. cruzi-infected patients were employed. ELISA assays using the recombinant proteins showed both sensitivity and specificity values of 100% for the serodiagnosis of both forms of disease, with high positive and negative predictive values, showing better diagnostic properties than the parasite recombinant A2 protein or a soluble Leishmania antigen extract. In this context, the two new recombinant proteins could be considered to be used in the serodiagnosis of CVL and HTL.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/parasitology , Leishmania infantum/metabolism , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/veterinary , Animals , Cloning, Molecular , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Gene Expression Regulation , Immunoassay , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Protozoan Proteins , Recombinant Proteins , Sensitivity and Specificity , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e a distribuição espacial da leishmaniose visceral em cães (LVC) do município de Juatuba, Minas Gerais, Brasil, no ano de 2010. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal por meio de coleta de amostras sanguíneas de 957 cães, definidos aleatoriamente em todos os bairros do município. No diagnóstico sorológico, foram utilizados os testes de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI) e Teste de Adsorção Enzimática (ELISA), preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Foram marcadas as coordenadas geográficas dos imóveis participantes da pesquisa para verificar a distribuição espacial dos casos caninos. A prevalência da LVC foi estimada em 10,6%, com variação de 3 a 50%, distribuída em 70,6% dos bairros do município. A distribuição espacial pode ser observada por meio da varredura de agrupamentos e obtida à demarcação das áreas de risco diferenciado perante a ocorrência da doença no município de Juatuba. Foi observado aumento de 2,80 vezes mais chances em adquirir a LVC no cluster primário. A partir deste trabalho, as ações de prevenção e controle à LVC foram feitas de acordo com a especificidade de cada localidade, para evitar a expansão da doença entre os cães e novos casos humanos em Juatuba, Minas Gerais.
The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs (VLD) at Juatuba city, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2010. A cross-sectional observational study was performed collecting blood samples from 957 dogs, defined randomly in all city districts. For the sorological diagnosis was used indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), recommended by the Ministry of Health. Geographical coordinates of properties that participated in the survey were marked in order to check the spatial distribution of canine cases. The VLD prevalence was estimated in 10.6%, ranging from 3% to 50.0%, distributed between 70.6% of city districts. Spatial distribution could be observed by scanning the clusters and according to the disease occurrences the demarcation of different risk areas could be obtained. There was an increase of 2.80 times more likely to acquire the VLD on the primary cluster. As of this research the prevention and control actions for VLD were made according to the specificity of each location to prevent the disease spread among dogs and new human cases.
